The 60-year-old replaces Paul Murphy, who in turn will take over the role of RFU president from Willie Wildash.
Beaumont, a former England and British & Irish Lions captain, is excited by his new post.
"I'm very honoured to be appointed chairman of the RFU," he said.
"I was fortunate enough to captain my country and everything since then has been about putting something back into a game that is important to so many people.
"We all want to make the game as attractive as possible for all the men, women, boys and girls, who want to play and watch at every level.
"The RFU staff and thousands of volunteers face three years of hard work ahead but the legacy of England hosting Rugby World Cup in 2015 will be enormous and it is our chance to showcase our game throughout the whole country."
Lancashire-born Beaumont won 34 caps with England between 1975 and 1982, captaining them to a first Grand Slam in 33 years in 1980.
He has also represented the RFU on the International Rugby Board Council, including a four-year term as vice-chairman, and has been a director of the Six Nations and the Rugby World Cup.
Gilbert has released a new line of rugby cleats. The Gilbert Virtuo 8S is part of the exciting new product. Check it out.
The entire All Blacks apparel line has been updated for 2013/14. Check out the New Zealand All Blacks polo.
The Nike Tiempo is a solid rugby cleat and one of few styles still made from full-grain natural leather.
The Gilbert Blitz 8S rugby cleat is a great cleat at a great price of $69.99. Get a new pair of cleats today.
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Wear the crest of the British and Irish Lions on your t-shirt. A great look for the summer.
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The All Blacks Performance t-shirt is black with hints of blue from the training jersey. Very Cool.
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The NEW All Blacks 2013/14 jersey has arrived at World Rugby Shop. Dare to wear the colors of the All Blacks.
